This study employs several traditional analytical methods to examine the relationship between climate change (CC) and agricultural production, highlighting its negative impacts on Vietnam’s food system. The results show that climate change is profoundly affecting Vietnam’s agriculture through the depletion of water and soil resources, declining crop yields, and reduced aquatic resources. Irregular rainfall and river flow, together with upstream water exploitation, have intensified drought, salinization, and land degradation. Sea level rise poses a serious threat to the Mekong Delta, where up to 40% of the area could be inundated, significantly reducing agricultural productivity. Rising temperatures and extreme weather events have triggered pest outbreaks, decreasing rice yields by up to 10% per 1°C increase. Climate change also increases natural disasters, forest fires, biodiversity loss and causes great damage to farmers’ livelihoods. This impact seriously threatens national food security, requiring Vietnam to apply many synchronous solutions (strengthening cooperation, sustainable management of resources, sustainable adaptation, etc.).